(29) Fair values

The following table shows the fair values of assets and liabilities and related off-balance sheet transactions. Loans and advances to, and placements with, banks as well as loans and advances to customers are stated net of loan loss provisions. The fair values indicated in the table are the amounts for which the financial instruments could have been exchanged between knowledgeable, willing parties in an arm’s length transaction at the balance sheet date. To the extent that market prices were available from exchanges or other efficient markets, these were stated as fair values. For the other financial instruments, internal valuation models were used, in particular the present value method (discounting future cash flows on the basis of current yield curves). For fixed-rate loans and advances to, and amounts owed to, banks and customers with a remaining maturity of, or regular interest rate adjustment within a period of, less than one year, amortised cost was stated as fair value. Investments in listed companies are included in the fair value of investments at their market values as at the balance sheet date. For investments in unlisted companies, the carrying amount was stated as fair value.